Some verses of Quran use the word یهود (Jews), while other use بنی اسرائیل (Children of Israeel). Apparently they seem to be pointing to the same group of people. But God does not do say anything without a purpose and indeed they should be some difference.
So what are the differences between these two group of people?
There are many verses that use both the terms. And they can be found here:
Verses containing "Jews" (8 verses)
Verses containing "Bani Israeel" (40 verses)